3. Brief history of Robotics

For a long time, humans have built machines that mimic the human body parts. The ancient Egyptians were capable of uniting mechanical arms of the statues of t heir gods and Greeks built statues operating with hydraulic systems.
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe built very ingenious mechanical dolls that had some characteristics of robots.

Jacques de Vauncansos built several robots human-sized players in the mid-eighteenth century.

In 1805, Henri Maillardert made a mechanical doll that was able to draw pictures with different technologies.

Karel Capek, a Czech writer founded in 1921 the term "Robot" in his play "Rossum's labour” .The term “Robotics” was created by Isaac Asimov, defining the science of robots. Asimov also invented the Three Laws of Robotics (robots cannot act against a human being and they must not allow a human being damaged, they must obey orders given by humans unless they are in conflict with the First Law and finally the robots must protect its own existence).

Initially, we defined a robot as a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or devices through a programmed series of movements to perform a variety of tasks. The development in technology has contributed to flexible automation to perform tasks within the industry. There are several factors involved in the development of the first robots in the early 50's. The artificial intelligence research developed ways to emulate human information processing with electronic computers and invented a variety of mechanisms to test their theories.

The first patents in 1946 with robots appeared very primitive machinery for transfer of Devol. Also in that year was the first computers and the first general purpose digital machine. In 1954, Devol developed the first programmable robot and introduced the term "universal controller". Engleberg Unimation called the first robotics company. The commercialization of robots begin in 1959 with the first model of the Planet Corporation which was controlled by limit switch switches .

Other important developments in the history of robotics were:

• In 1960: introduced the first robot "Unimate" based on the transfer of items. It uses the principles of numerical control manipulator control. It was a robot with hydraulic transmission.
• In 1961: a Unimate robot was installed at the Ford Motors Company to meet a die casting machine.
• In 1966: Trallfa, a Norwegian firm, built and installed the first spray painting robot.
• In 1971: "Stanford Arm”, arm a small electrically driven robot, was developed at Stanford University.
• In 1973, SRI was developed in the first language of computer programming robots for research under the name WAVE. It was followed by the language AL in 1974.
• In 1978: Introduced the robot PUMA (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) for mounting Unimation tasks, based on designs obtained in a study of General Motors.
• In 1980: a robotic system container harvesting was the subject of demonstration at the University of Rhode Island. The system was able to capture parts random orientations and positions outside of a container by Unimation assembly tasks, based on designs obtained in a study of General Motors.
• Between 2000 and 2011: most modern robots in the world appeared. The most advanced mechanical parts robots are made to military operations by Boston Dynamics; examples are Alpha Dog, Petman, Little Dog, etc. And the better appearance and intelligent robots have been designed by Japanese companies; examples of Japanese advanced robots are: Ishiguro, Geminoid, Asimo, etc.